Life is Beautiful A Holocaust Comedy free essay sample

An examination of the agreeableness of the comedic subject in the film Life is Beautiful, which manages the Holocaust. This paper contends that the comedic component found in Life is Beautiful is proper to the subject of the Holocaust. The restricting perspectives of Gerald Peary, a pundit for the Boston Phoenix, and the late artistic researcher Terence De Pres are additionally introduced. Not long after WWII, jokes related with the Holocaust were discovered circling in Israel. For instance, Do you know why Hitler executed himself? He got his gas charge (Mamet, 142-3). Jokes like this one are regularly viewed as improper in light of the fact that they mock an exceptionally grievous occasion and moreover outrage numerous Jewish individuals. Such individuals discover kids about the Holocaust upsetting to hear but others discover them entertaining. In this manner, this type of faulty funniness offers the conversation starter, do parody and the Holocaust blend? When managing an issue as genuine as the Holocaust, it is far from being obviously true whether a component of cleverness is proper. We will compose a custom article test on Life is Beautiful: A Holocaust Comedy? or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

Medical and Dental Dialogue for ESL Learners

Clinical and Dental Dialog for ESL Learners English students can rehearse clinical jargon and perusing cognizance with this exchange between a patient and a dental hygienist.â Dental Hygiene Dialog Sam: Hello.Gina the Dental Hygienist: Hello Mr. Waters. Im Gina. Sick be cleaning your teeth today. Sam: Dr. Peterson has recently filled two pits. For what reason do I need a cleaning?Gina the Dental Hygienist: Well, we need to make get your teeth and gums clean and ailment free. Sam: I surmise that makes sense.​Gina the Dental Hygienist: Oral wellbeing prompts inconvenience free teeth. Sick beginning off by evacuating plaque. It would be ideal if you recline and open wide. Sam: OK, I trust its not very bad.Gina the Dental Hygienist: Everybody gets plaque, regardless of whether they floss normally. That is the reason its critical to come in two times per year for registration. Sam: (getting his teeth cleaned, cant say much...)Gina the Dental Hygienist: OK, it would be ideal if you take a beverage and flush. Sam: Ah, that is better.Gina the Dental Hygienist: OK, presently Ill apply some fluoride. Which flavor would you like? Sam: I have a choice?Gina the Dental Hygienist: Sure, we have mint, spearmint, orange or air pocket gum - that is for the children. Sam: Id like to have the air pocket gum!Gina the Dental Hygienist: OK. (applies fluoride) Now, let me give your teeth a last flossing. Sam: What sort of floss tape do you recommend?Gina the Dental Hygienist: Personally, I like the level tape. Its simpler to get between the teeth. Sam: OK, Ill recall that whenever I purchase floss. How regularly should I floss?Gina the Dental Hygienist: Everyday! Two times every day if conceivable! A few people like to floss after each supper, yet that is not completely important. Sam: (in the wake of completing the cleaning) I feel greatly improved. Express gratitude toward you.Gina the Dental Hygienist: My pleasure. Have a charming day, and make sure to floss each day - at any rate once per day! Key Vocabulary to clean someones teethdental hygienistto fill cavitiesgumsdisease freeoral healthto lead toplaqueto evacuate plaqueto flosscheck-upto rinsefluorideto apply fluorideflavorflossingfloss tapefloss after suppers

The Reasons for Rapid Population Growth in Nineteenth Century Britain

The Reasons for Rapid Population Growth in Nineteenth Century Britain The Reasons for Rapid Population Growth in Nineteenth Century Britain Number of individuals strolling the essence of earth has consistently been at steady change and the development in populace has consistently been an extraordinary issue of concern and consideration by governments and pioneers all through time, particularly whenever happened in a brief timeframe. Purposes behind fast development in populace can be licensed to a few factors, for example, richness, mortality, movement, and marriage. This regular reason once in a while gainful and now and again lamentable relying upon the conditions and areas, could be controlled in troublesome ways. In the nineteenth century Britain, the quick development in populace was one of incredible monetary, social, political, and ecological changes that laid the premise of the general public, as we probably am aware it today. Of these progressions none has end up being more critical than that of the redistribution and rebuilding of Britains populace. Moreover a translation of the reasons for segment change in th at basic period following the destruction of the old pre-mechanical populace system which prompted the cutting edge twentieth-century design in which both ripeness and mortality are especially low. After a time of uncommon stagnation from 1700 to 1740, the populace continued its typical upward pattern and a short time later somewhere in the range of 1740 and 1780, the development rate arrived at the midpoint of 4 percent to 7 percent for each decade, at that point quickened to more than 10 percent for every decade until 1911. The years somewhere in the range of 1811 and 1821 had the most quick populace development where it arrived at 17 percent for every decade. The second most noteworthy development was the decade 1871-1881, where it arrived at 14 percent. Anyway the best increment which was more than 4 million, didn't happen till 1901-1911. Accordingly the pace of increment declined significantly and the populace, having multiplied somewhere in the range of 1780 and 1840, and multiplied again toward the finish of century, rose by just around 50 percent in the following sixty years to come. The dispersion and piece of the British populace in the nineteenth century was drastica lly adjusted because of expanded populace resettlement, particularly the relocation to increasingly urban territories looking for a superior life. There was additionally a significant move in worldview concerning social mentalities, especially during the last 50% of Queen Victorias rule over Britain. Thus, during this time a move towards little family size or family restriction happened in light of the fact that adjustments in possibilities of marriage were turning into a recognizable pattern. Likewise considerable headway in social insurance assisted with improving the nature of a more beneficial life for the individuals of Britain, radically changing the odds of one living or kicking the bucket rashly. Not exclusively did the populace changed in creation, yet additionally in dispersion. Extraordinary Britains populace in 1801 was an expected eleven million, and in 1901 that number quickly developed to 37 million, with Londons populace share expanding from 9 percent to 12 percent. By 1901, Londons populace was more than twice that of Wales and marginally more than of Scotland. Among the numerous appellations applied to the nineteenth century, the time of insights would appear to be one of the most suitable. The main British populace enumeration was directed in 1801 and was in this way rehashed at regular intervals. While common enrollment didn't supplant the account of religious occasions, especially submersion and entombments, it meant that area registers lost their situation as the chief hotspot for segment enquiry. At mid century, horticulture was in steep relative decay, speaking to around 20 percent of those utilized. Assembling was holding consistent at around 33 percent, hous ehold administration contributed 14 to 15 percent and the staying 32 percent was made up from callings, for example, mining, transport, building, managing and open assistance. In addition. Before nineteenth century's over, horticultures commitment to business was close to 10 percent. In contrast to the expansion in ripeness in the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century, the experience of the late Victorian time frame was commanded by the common decay of conjugal richness and maybe a development towards nuptiality was begun. (Woods, 1987; Wilson and Woods, 1992). Moreover, we may now expect in a way it was not open to peers that conjugal richness was decreased as the immediate result of changed conduct as opposed to some broad decrease in fertility. Examples of thought and activity were changing instead of physiology (Teitelbaum, 1984). Moreover, it is impossible that the marvel was only a consequence of the development, advertising, selection, and powerful utilization of new techniques for anti-conception medication. The elastic condom, Dutch top, and douche all opened up during the most recent many years of the nineteenth century. They were anyway rather unreasonably costly for the general use until the 1920s and 1930s when the aftereffects of review studies uncover an undeniably increasingly far reaching reception (Peel, 1963). Since it was realized that conjugal ripeness was essentially decreased, it must be expected that a mix of sexual restraint, copulation interruptus, exact us of the sheltered period and prompted fetus removal were the most probable methods by which family impediment was achieved. None of these techniques was new to Victorians, anyway the craving and certainty to utilize them were innovatory (shorter, 1973; McLaren, 1978; Sauer, 1978; Soloway, 1982). Business analysts have given one of the most significant hypothetical commitments to the investigation of ripeness, their center has tended towards the expenses and returns of having kids, the expenses and accessibility of preventative techniques, between generational riches stream, and the contention between putting resources into youngsters or buyer durables. Youngsters, particularly in customary laborer social orders, speak to a wellspring of work, salary and security for their folks. In any case, in the nineteenth century Britain, the monetary estimation of kids to their folks was far more subtle and probably far less inclined to enter any bookkeeping structure for conceptive arranging. By and large if guardians were not endeavoring to expand their richness so as to procure monetary benefits for the family wage economy, they were likewise not endeavoring, until after the 1870s, to confine their fruitfulness so as to dodge the risk of childrearing (Haines, 1979; Crafts, 1984a, 198 4b). What's more, it was likewise abnormal right now for wedded ladies to be utilized outside of the home, for reasons of custom and absence of chance consequently childbearing and raising didn't speak to a choice to working class as they do today. There is a tireless line of contention in segment hypothesis which holds that elevated levels of ripeness are important to coordinate significant levels of mortality, and in this way that when baby or youth mortality start to decrease, conjugal fruitfulness will likewise be diminished without antagonistically influencing the powerful degree of richness. That is, the gracefully of new grown-ups fit for imitating (Brass and Kabir, 1980; Teitelbaum, 1984; Woods, 1987). In this manner, mortality decrease not just encourages the decrease of ripeness, it additionally goes about as a solid prompting. Saving for the time being any thought of what causes mortality examples to change, it is as yet evident that for this specific segment component to work there must be an unmistakable time slack between the decay of mortality and richness during which normal family size will increment. Hitched couples would be affected to constrain their richness in this way abstaining from going with monetary weights which the endurance of bigger quantities of youngsters would bring. This understanding expect that there is an unmistakable order to segment change that a complex change instrument is made requiring extensive foreknowledge with respect to wedded couple and a level of conceptive arranging. In Britain, youth mortality unquestionably didn't decrease simultaneously as conjugal richness, however newborn child mortality didn't start its mainstream decay until 1899-1900 (Woods, Watterson and Woodward, 1988). It appears to be likely that the decrease of newborn child and youth mortality did in the long run help to support conjugal fruitfulness decay, yet that mortality decay was not a starting element (Reves, 1985; Coale and Watkins, 1986 , 201-33). The inceptions of the decrease of conjugal ripeness in Britain, as in quite a bit of Western Europe except for France, are to be found especially in last quarter of the nineteenth century. This much in any event is obvious from accessible insights, however there are numerous parts of this essential change in segment structure that remaining parts darken. We realize that until the 1870s British conjugal fruitfulness was steady with regular ripeness, that was to a great extent organically decided with minimal indication of equality explicit control. As a rule, the births were neither intentionally separated nor were there endeavors to forestall origination or live birth once a specific number of youngsters had just been conceived. A womens fruitfulness was affected by her physiological capacity to consider, her inclination to unconstrained premature birth, and the recurrence of copulation. The first referenced declined with age, the subsequent increment, while the last refe renced declined with the term of marriage (Bongaarts and Potter, 1983; Wilson, 1984, 1986). During the nineteenth century, life desire during childbirth in Britain improved from the mid-thirties to the upper forties and the low fifties by 1911. Of the change, most happened in the last piece of the nineteenth century and was especially clear among those matured from 5 to 25. There was next to zero decrease either in national newborn child mortality levels or in death rates for those matured 35 or more before 1900 (Woods and Woodward, 1984, 39). In any case, there were significant neighborhood and social varieties in mortality. The neighborhood contrasts were intently attached to ecological conditions

Badminton vs Tennis free essay sample

Going to the more genuine angles, both badminton and tennis are played in proficient rivalries. In the two games, players can perform underhand serves. Albeit tennis players are constantly observed to serve overhead, they are allowed to serve underhand on the off chance that they wish to, anyway at the danger of a ground-breaking come back from the rival. In indicating the similitudes among tennis and badminton, one can't neglect to make reference to that both these games started from the United Kingdom. Similarly as with numerous games, badminton and tennis help with keeping players fit. It additionally assists with holding off sorrow and stress. Besides, the activity from badminton is a decent help from a sleeping disorder and decreases the odds of affliction because of absence of rest. Badminton and tennis are played and seen all around the globe, though the achievement contrasts between nations. When all is said in done, tennis is progressively famous among western nations and badminton is increasingly best in Asian nations, for example, China. We will compose a custom exposition test on Badminton versus Tennis or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page games utilize a racquet however their structures are distinctive looking like the head and the length of the handle. Additionally, the two games have nets over which players need to hit the ball or shuttlecock, anyway badminton nets are tied at a stature of 5 feet, which is further starting from the earliest stage tennis nets. Badminton, which professes to be the second most well known game on the planet, is likewise the quickest, with a shuttlecock speed of up to 400 Km for each hour. In spite of the fact that individuals think both badminton and tennis are similar, the two are very unique from numerous points of view, however there are numerous benefits to the great game of badminton. What is badminton? Badminton can be played as a side interest or at a calling level. Numerous wellbeing organizations quote that raising your pulse for at least 30 minutes daily can keep your digestion at a sound rate. Badminton is frequently an entire body work out. At the point when you practice or even play a match, moving rapidly around the court, and swinging your racquet for the shots, you are utilizing your entire body, including muscles that you don't know about. The activities that are associated with badminton will assist with conditioning your muscles just as consume extra kilojoules and fat. Swinging Your Racquet. There are a few likenesses among tennis and badminton. On one side, tennis is a powerful game with a ball a lot heavier than a van, with bigger racquets used to hit balls on an increasingly roomy court. On the opposite side, badminton uses a van made of plumes and is played with lighter racquets on an a lot littler court. A conspicuous comparability is that both

The Stone Angel Essay -- English Literature Essays

The Stone Angel Self-Inflicted Isolation and Loneliness â€Å"I never acknowledged until this second how cut off I am.† (Laurence, 1988, 294) In the novel The Stone Angel, creator Margaret Laurence depicts a desolate elderly person by the name of Hagar. Through the span of the novel, Hagar considers back the recollections that have made an amazing narrative. Hagar is a profoundly desolate lady, and a lot of that depression is self-delivered. This psychological disconnection is brought about by her willfulness, her pride, and the visual deficiency that she has towards any supposition other than her own. Hagar Currie-Shipley is an exceptionally obstinate lady at ninety years old. She is extremely stuck in a rut, and doesn't value being determined what to do. The peruser is acquainted with this obstinacy when Hagar is brought to Silverthreads nursing home to see the area. Upon this disclosure, Hagar endeavors to flee, just to wind up lost in a woods. Notwithstanding, this tenacity is certifiably not another attribute of Hagar’s, for she has been like this since youth. I wouldn’t let him see me cry, I was so goaded. He utilized a foot ruler, and when I twitched my hurting palms back, he made me hold them out once more. He took a gander at my dry eyes in rage, as if he’d bombed except if he drew water from them. He struck and struck, and afterward at the same time he tossed the ruler down and put his arms around me†¦ â€Å"You take after me,† he stated, as if that made everything understood. â€Å"You’ve got spine, I’ll give you that.† (Laurence, 1988, 9-10) This section shows Hagar’s capacity to conceal her actual feelings, which is an apparatus that she utilizes significantly later on throughout everyday life. She later discusses having intercourse to her significant other, Bram, expressing that in any event, when she enjoyed it, â€Å"He never knew. I never let him know. I never talked resoundingly, and I made certain the trembling was all inner.† (Laurence, 1988, 81) Also, right off the bat throughout everyday life, when her sibling Dan was passing on of pneumonia, she was unable to force herself to play out his last wish. He weeped for his dead mother, and Matt had asked Hagar to wear an old shawl, to go about as their mom, and hold Dan, however Hagar couldn't bear the idea of depicting somebody as feeble as her mom. Her heart is by all accounts made of stone, much like the stone blessed messenger that her dad had imported from Italy for her mother’s grave. Hagar kept every last bit of her feelings restrained in side. After Bram kicked the bucket, she didn't permit herself to cry. It w... ...d to send Arlene to Toronto. At the point when John informs Hagar concerning the move Hagar claims to think nothing about it. John educates her that she â€Å" ‘always wager on an inappropriate horse,’ John said tenderly. ‘Marv was your kid, however you never observed that, did you?’† (Laurence, 1988, 237) it truly opens Hagar’s eyes. She understands that she has been off-base in her partiality, despite the fact that she won't let it be known until some other time after John is dead. At the point when she is lying in her emergency clinic bed numerous years after the fact, she leaves this acknowledgment alone known, telling Marvin â€Å" ‘You’ve not been crotchety, Marvin. You’ve regarded me, generally. A superior child than John.’† (Laurence, 1988, 305) Sometimes these acknowledge come past the point of no return. Oneself dispensed disconnection that Hagar feels is an aftereffect of her willfulness, pride, and visual deficiency towards different perspectives. Her past has formed her to turn into the unpleasant, indifferent, inflexible elderly person that she is in the novel, additionally incredibly adding to her psychological segregation. This detachment is an aftereffect of the individual choices and activities that she has made over the span of the novel. â€Å"Every last one of them has proceeded to leave me. I never left them. It was the reverse way around, I swear it.† (Laurence, 1988, 164) The Stone Angel Essay - English Literature Essays The Stone Angel Self-Inflicted Isolation and Loneliness â€Å"I never acknowledged until this second how cut off I am.† (Laurence, 1988, 294) In the novel The Stone Angel, creator Margaret Laurence depicts a desolate elderly person by the name of Hagar. Through the span of the novel, Hagar thinks about back the recollections that have made a mind-blowing tale. Hagar is a profoundly desolate lady, and quite a bit of that dejection is self-incurred. This psychological segregation is brought about by her hardheadedness, her pride, and the visual deficiency that she has towards any supposition other than her own. Hagar Currie-Shipley is a difficult lady at ninety years old. She is extremely stuck in a rut, and doesn't value being determined what to do. The peruser is acquainted with this obstinacy when Hagar is brought to Silverthreads nursing home to see the area. Upon this revelation, Hagar endeavors to flee, just to wind up lost in a backwoods. Be that as it may, this tenacity is definitely not another attribute of Hagar’s, for she has been like this since youth. I wouldn’t let him see me cry, I was so incensed. He utilized a foot ruler, and when I twitched my stinging palms back, he made me hold them out once more. He took a gander at my dry eyes in anger, just as he’d bombed except if he drew water from them. He struck and struck, and afterward at the same time he tossed the ruler down and put his arms around me†¦ â€Å"You take after me,† he stated, as if that made everything understood. â€Å"You’ve got spine, I’ll give you that.† (Laurence, 1988, 9-10) This entry shows Hagar’s capacity to conceal her actual feelings, which is a device that she utilizes much later on throughout everyday life. She later discusses having intercourse to her significant other, Bram, expressing that in any event, when she enjoyed it, â€Å"He never knew. I never let him know. I never talked so anyone might hear, and I made certain the trembling was all inner.† (Laurence, 1988, 81) Also, at an early stage throughout everyday life, when her sibling Dan was passing on of pneumonia, she was unable to force herself to play out his last wish. He weeped for his dead mother, and Matt had asked Hagar to wear an old shawl, to go about as their mom, and hold Dan, yet Hagar couldn't bear the idea of depicting somebody as frail as her mom. Her heart is by all accounts made of stone, much like the stone blessed messenger that her dad had imported from Italy for her mother’s grave. Hagar kept every last bit of her feelings contained inside. After B ram kicked the bucket, she didn't permit herself to cry. It w... ...d to send Arlene to Toronto. At the point when John enlightens Hagar regarding the move Hagar professes to think nothing about it. John illuminates her that she â€Å" ‘always wager on an inappropriate horse,’ John said delicately. ‘Marv was your kid, however you never observed that, did you?’† (Laurence, 1988, 237) it truly opens Hagar’s eyes. She understands that she has been off-base in her bias, despite the fact that she won't let it be known until some other time after John is dead. At the point when she is lying in her emergency clinic bed numerous years after the fact, she leaves this acknowledgment alone known, telling Marvin â€Å" ‘You’ve not been testy, Marvin. You’ve regarded me, generally. A superior child than John.’† (Laurence, 1988, 305) Sometimes these acknowledge come past the point of no return. Oneself dispensed seclusion that Hagar feels is an aftereffect of her hardheadedness, pride, and visual impairment towards different perspectives. Her past has molded her to turn into the unpleasant, apathetic, unbending elderly person that she is in the novel, likewise significantly adding to her psychological confinement. This seclusion is an aftereffect of the individual choices and activities that she has made over the span of the novel. â€Å"Every last one of them has proceeded to leave me. I never left them. It was the opposite way around, I swear it.† (Laurence, 1988, 164)

Assess the dramatic and thematic effectiveness Essay Example for Free

Survey the sensational and topical viability Essay The initial demonstration of The Duchess of Malfi is significant regarding the subjects that John Webster is introducing. He utilizes the characters to investigate such topics, and in this way the crowd are given nitty gritty portrayals of the vast majority of the primary characters. Besides, Webster utilizes the characters to portray each other not just giving the crowd an understanding into their own characteristics, yet additionally how each character sees the other. In spite of the fact that not so much clear in the underlying demonstrations of the play, the way that the crowd just think about the characters from different characters depictions, suggests the thoughts of mystery, duplicity, and spying, and the general subject that there are things that the characters think they know, when in reality they dont. Antonio is the main character to be presented, and he is at first introduced as an untouchable getting back from the French court, which he appreciates. He has a concise discussion with Delio about the French court, and how in spite of the fact that it was methodical, it could without much of a stretch be distorted. Pure silver drops all in all; yet on the off chance that t chance Some reviled model harmed t close to the head, Death and illnesses through the entire land spread. The rhyming couplet makes it nearly appear to be a revile, and applies a feeling of fate. This as of now gives the feeling that the court of Malfi is it self twisted, as Antonio portrays the decency of the French court, and afterward rapidly goes onto depict how effectively any court could be debased, as though pointing a finger at the court of Malfi. Webster utilizes this differentiation adequately to persuade the crowd from the earliest starting point that there is something else entirely to the Court of Malfi than it might principally seem. Interrupting the discussion, Bosola shows up, and before he even speaks, Antonio talks about him to Delio, and making an unmistakable impression of Bosola. Would be as lustful, rapacious, or proud, Bloody, or desirous, as any man, If he had the way to be so. This unsavory impression of Bosola given to the crowd is additionally bolstered, as Delio uncovers that he was a kindred seven years in the galleys for a famous homicide, causing him to show up as an abhorrent character who is fit for murder. Aside from the data the crowd get from Antonio and Delio, the manner by which Bosola talks causes him to have all the earmarks of being extremely negative. He and his sibling resemble plum trees that develop warped over standing pools; they are rich and oerladen with organic product, yet none however crows, pies, and caterpillars feed on them. The consistent utilization of dull and disagreeable symbolism ascribes him to be very severe, thus finishes the general impression that he is for sure a horrendous character. Be that as it may, as Bosola leaves, Antonio says he has heard beneficial things about Bosola, however his railing at those things which he needs conquers these positive perspectives. Tis incredible pity He ought to be in this way ignored; I have heard Hes valiant. This foul melancholy Will poison all his goodness. This shows to the crowd that Bosola may have a decent side which he might possibly uncover later. In any case, this is another manner by which Webster investigates the subject of initial introductions not being all that they appear.

Teaching English Through Role Play - Free Essay Example

TEACHING ENGLISH THROUGH ROLE PLAY (PREDAREA LIMBII ENGLEZE UTILIZAND JOCUL DE ROL) Role-play is a classroom activity in which learners take on a ‘role’, they play the part of someone else, from a simple discussion between a tourist when asking for directions in a new city or at the airport, to more elaborate conversation about the American Dream or Genetics. Role-play is a useful tool not only for developing language skills, but also for increasing sociocultural knowledge and intercultural awareness. Depending on how a role-play is designed and set up, it can be used for a wide variety of purposes. Frequently, role plays are used to offer a chance to practice the language of particular situations, but they can also be used to practice particular areas of grammar, sets of vocabulary, functional language and even features of pronunciation. They may not even have a specific language focus and can be used to provide opportunities for students to practice their speaking a nd listening skills. Role-plays are simple but important way of extending the range of useful practice. There are many good reasons for using role-plays in class: role-plays help students cope with real-life situations, commonly used expressions, forcing them to think â€Å"on their feet†; role-plays help students work together as a team or group, and communicate in order to understand each other, because role-plays are not simple acts of reading or reproduction the information from a piece of paper; role-plays can be adapted to the needs of the students, they may use specific vocabulary for specific situations, as learning English is sometimes done for a specific purpose; role-plays give learners more responsibility in their learning, encouraging interaction; role-plays offer students the chance to evaluate their learning progress and their level of English. Role-plays in general tend to have some common characteristics: they are usually spoken, but they can be co nducted in written form, they usually involve role cards (role cards are very useful but not always necessary); in role plays learners are pretending to be someone else, there are also contexts when learners can play themselves; role plays, most of the time, involve some preparation, this does not mean that role-plays are always planned in advance. When using role-play as a teaching tool there are some stages to be followed: 1. Preparation time: it is very important to give students time to prepare themselves in order to understand the task and role card, to think some ideas and appropriate language. 2. Students ought to be watched and actively helped, but the teacher should avoid interrupting or interfering too much in the role-play because a role-play is usually a chance to practice using language to communicate. It is often more important being fluent and getting one’s message across than getting it 100% correct. Afterwards the teacher must give his/her feedback and cor rect the mistakes students have made. 3. All students should be involved as they may feel watched and judged. It is very easy to turn many activities into role-plays besides those from textbooks. Many teachers like to support role-plays with some kind of prop or realia. Using props can help make a role-play feel more real and more fun. Props and realia also give students something to ‘hold on to’ while doing a role-play, providing another level of security and confidence. Props that are easily used, being present in the classroom can be: mobile phones, a hat, sunglasses, newspapers and magazines. All these can help students feel less nervous. Each student has his/her own level of English; it is the teacher’s role to adapt the material from beginner, elementary to intermediate or advanced classes. Here are some examples of role-play activities from Macmillan official page. Celebrity party Level: beginner – elementary Preparation: complete the invitation cards with a date and place and make a copy for every student in the class. Procedure: 1. Draw two stick people on the board. Explain that they are at a party. Ask ‘What do they say? ’. Elicit the following dialogue line by line and write it on the board: Hello. /Hi. /My name is XX. What’s your name? /I’m YY. /Nice to meet you. /Nice to meet you too. 2. Drill the dialogue chorally, line by line. Focus on the pronunciation and intonation of the dialogue. 3. Ask students to practice the dialogue in pairs, using their own names. 4. Set the scene. Explain that the students are all at a celebrity party. They are all going to play the roles of famous celebrities. Give them a minute to choose who they are. Distribute the invitation cards with useful language. 5. Ask everyone to stand up. Tell them to talk to at least six or seven people. They should use the dialogue as a starting point, but can talk more if they like. 6. After the activity finishes, ask studen ts to sit down again. Can they remember who was who at the party? Money talks Level: intermediate Preparation: prepare copies of the material so that every student in the class has a card. Procedure: 1. Write the word Money Problems on the board and ask students to brainstorm in pairs as many different money problems as they can think of. Set a time limit of 2 minutes. Give the first example, e. g. you owe money to a friend and can’t pay it back. 2. Elicit suggestions and put them on the board. Use this time to pre-teach/review the following words: owe, borrow, lend, spend, inherit, pay. 3. Explain that today the students are going to role play some money problems. You are going to give them cards to half of the students. Explain that they have the problem listed on the card and they must talk to three different people and ask for advice. 4. Distribute the role cards and tell students with the cards to talk to a partner about the problem. After three or four minutes, te ll the students with the card to talk to a different partner. Note: for this activity, only the students with role cards need to move around. The other students remain where they are. 5. Repeat stage 4 two more times. 6. At the end of the role-plays, ask the students to tell their problem to the class and explain what was the best solution offered. Also, corrections can be done on mistakes or to underline the good examples of language use. Cards: 1. You inherited a very large sum of money and you don’t know what to do with it. Ask other people for advice. 2. You need to borrow some money, but the bank won’t give it to you. Ask other people for advice. 3. You think your wife/husband is too careful with his/her money. He/she never buys anything nice! You are always arguing about money. Ask other people for advice. You can do this ‘giving advice’ role-play activity with any other typical problems: work problems, love problems, school problems etc. Bibliogr aphy: 1. Lindsay Clandfield, Philip Kerr, Ceri Jones, Jim Scrivener, Straightforward, Guide to Roleplays, Macmillan, 2004. 2. Adriana Vizental, Metodica predarii limbii engleze, ed. Polirom, Iasi, 2007.

Security Testing in Mobile Application and Web Application - 2750 Words

Security Testing in Mobile Application and Web Application (Term Paper Sample) Content: Name:Institution:Date of submission:Security testing in mobile application and Web applicationThe objective of this project is to focus on the security threats experienced in web and phone application. It will also try the possible causes of these security threats and how they can be taken care of. This project also tries to provide recommended solutions to counter these security threats.Web application and mobile has become so popular lately due to technological improvements. Security of these applications has been the trending issue because of the vulnerabilities of these applications. Hackers have been taking advantage of peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s lack of knowledge to access peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s information without the ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s consent.Mobile applicationsThese are applications designed for smart phones. They ease the access of some activities and services like bank services, mailing services, travelling program s and many others through the mobile phones. Introduct ion of these applications have made it easier for people due to access of a lot of services not by necessarily finding a PC to do so but through their smart phones. These applications are either installable or browser based. A lot of people can now perform important functions through their mobiles.Like web applications, mobile applications also have security risks. Testing for security for mobiles is hard compared to the test performed to web applications. This reason makes it hard for people to test for their mobile application security. These mobile applications are not secure compared to web applications and should also be tested for security.The methodology used in testing web application is the same one that is used to test phone application security. The difference is that in testing for mobile application security it is focused on mobile related problems. During the application security test, you need to identify the type of application you are dealing with: installable or br owser based.Like desktops applications, mobile application a new puts in files, change registry ingress and design settings, schedules fresh tunes, and act upon other similar functions on installation. It is very important to analyze these gears during this test. During analysis, it is important to perform file analysis and applications overturn analysis. The file system of the installed application should be well analyzed to ensure the applicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s security.It is important to install mobile application in the external memory rather than in the internal mobile memory to allow access of the files created during application installation. These files must be well analyzed. The most known analysis of these files is application reverse, application modification and to view the applicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s buried information. CITATION Cha15 \l 1033 (Fairchild)Multiple application tasks are performed to identify the changes experienced to the files. This is easily done by assigning the files with simple labeling called hashes. These labeling changes when a change is detected in that file. Different kind of information is displayed in the mobileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s file system during various stages of application operation. This information is analyzed well to look up for the most important data that can be stored in phone memory.After installation, the application code is uncovered to help overcome security measures put in the application and to change the code if need be. The design and execution defects and probably find the way to take advantage of them. The application code helps to get hidden information like encryption codes, passwords, and other significant data.The application traffic is then routed through a web proxy to cut it off and get more comprehensive information and adjust data for data confirmation, authorization and other testing areas. This gives a person full power over punter server interface helping perform a detailed test. In scenarios where HT TPs are involved, it is possible to use some web proxies like Fidder. This however requires some tweaking. Their signing certificates should be imported into the trusted mobileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s store to make them appropriate to be used for traffic interception. CITATION Gur14 \l 1033 (Kalra)Some modern security teams such as OWASP and NETCRAFT are trying to provide security checks for mobile applications. These app security providing services companies have emerged due to the high rate of mobile application insecurity. This security check takes about four full days. CITATION net15 \l 1033 (netcraft)Web applicationsMost people recently are depending on web applications. Security is a major issue in web apps since nobody wants his information to be disclosed to unauthorized individuals. There are a lot of vulnerabilities in the web apps which include injection, cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery, security misconfiguration, broken authentication and session management only t o mention a few.These vulnerable can be assessed using penetration testing and static analysis. To perform security tests on web applications, tools and manuals are used. It is important to use the both methods since some vulnerability can only be seen manually. CITATION McG06 \l 1033 (McGraw)Most vulnerability in web application includes SQL injection which allows data breaching that are later parsed and implemented. The way out is to directly insert the malicious code into user input variables with the SQL commands. The malicious code can also be injected to strings which are providence for some stored data. When this is done, the malicious code is implemented leading to access and maybe modification of data in database by utilizing the SQL vulnerability.When data which is not trusted is sent to the web browser the application is vulnerable to cross site scripting. This allows the hacker to embed malicious scripts like Java script and executing this script on his side allows him to get data, interrupt sessions, redirection of users to another site and so on. This eventually leads to compromise of private information, exploitation and burglary of cookies and this hacker can still make requests that can be flawed for those of a valid user.There are three types of cross site scripting. Reflected XSS IS where web pages take text put forward by the user and returns the text to the user in its response. Stored XSS is where data put forward by a malicious user of a website is stored in databases which are used to create pages. Visitors of these web pages get the wrong information from the website. Local XSS make use of objectives within the webpage. CITATION LaS15 \l 1033 (LaShanda Dukes)Broken authentication and session management is the where the application does not perform its session management and authentication duties correctly. The hacker uses leak as exposed accounts and passwords in the session management and authentication to imitate the user. In this case the hacker is able to acquire the position of the website user or the administrator and can perform his duties.These vulnerabilities can be prevented eventually. Filtering information properly can prevent injections. It involves going through information thoroughly and thinking whether the input inputted can be trusted. Using oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s filtering functions is the most secure way for filtering ones input. There are many pitfalls which allows authentication of a website.To avoid these pitfalls one should understand them and how they work. Using oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s own framework also prevents broken authentication. Make sure that the websiteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s URL does not contain critical information like ID and a referrer header. The passwords used should not be predictable. They should also be well encrypted to prevent any chance of authentication. Timeout should also be well implemented to reduce the chances of session usurp by hackers.To avoid XSS one should make sure that he does not return HTML tags to the client. These HTML tags may lead to HTML injection pausing insecurity risk to any websites. HTML entities should be converted or simply sanitized such that it gives an impression of broken HTML. This discourages hackers.Insecure direct object references can also cause serious data insecurity. This means that any user has a direct exposure to a certain internal information or key. In providing such a reference, a hacker can be able to access information that is critical and may perform some activities that should be highly protected. This can be avoided by keeping the information internally and not relying CGI parameters to pass information to the client.Security should be well configured to preve... Security Testing in Mobile Application and Web Application - 2750 Words Security Testing in Mobile Application and Web Application (Term Paper Sample) Content: Name:Institution:Date of submission:Security testing in mobile application and Web applicationThe objective of this project is to focus on the security threats experienced in web and phone application. It will also try the possible causes of these security threats and how they can be taken care of. This project also tries to provide recommended solutions to counter these security threats.Web application and mobile has become so popular lately due to technological improvements. Security of these applications has been the trending issue because of the vulnerabilities of these applications. Hackers have been taking advantage of peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s lack of knowledge to access peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s information without the ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s consent.Mobile applicationsThese are applications designed for smart phones. They ease the access of some activities and services like bank services, mailing services, travelling program s and many others through the mobile phones. Introduct ion of these applications have made it easier for people due to access of a lot of services not by necessarily finding a PC to do so but through their smart phones. These applications are either installable or browser based. A lot of people can now perform important functions through their mobiles.Like web applications, mobile applications also have security risks. Testing for security for mobiles is hard compared to the test performed to web applications. This reason makes it hard for people to test for their mobile application security. These mobile applications are not secure compared to web applications and should also be tested for security.The methodology used in testing web application is the same one that is used to test phone application security. The difference is that in testing for mobile application security it is focused on mobile related problems. During the application security test, you need to identify the type of application you are dealing with: installable or br owser based.Like desktops applications, mobile application a new puts in files, change registry ingress and design settings, schedules fresh tunes, and act upon other similar functions on installation. It is very important to analyze these gears during this test. During analysis, it is important to perform file analysis and applications overturn analysis. The file system of the installed application should be well analyzed to ensure the applicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s security.It is important to install mobile application in the external memory rather than in the internal mobile memory to allow access of the files created during application installation. These files must be well analyzed. The most known analysis of these files is application reverse, application modification and to view the applicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s buried information. CITATION Cha15 \l 1033 (Fairchild)Multiple application tasks are performed to identify the changes experienced to the files. This is easily done by assigning the files with simple labeling called hashes. These labeling changes when a change is detected in that file. Different kind of information is displayed in the mobileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s file system during various stages of application operation. This information is analyzed well to look up for the most important data that can be stored in phone memory.After installation, the application code is uncovered to help overcome security measures put in the application and to change the code if need be. The design and execution defects and probably find the way to take advantage of them. The application code helps to get hidden information like encryption codes, passwords, and other significant data.The application traffic is then routed through a web proxy to cut it off and get more comprehensive information and adjust data for data confirmation, authorization and other testing areas. This gives a person full power over punter server interface helping perform a detailed test. In scenarios where HT TPs are involved, it is possible to use some web proxies like Fidder. This however requires some tweaking. Their signing certificates should be imported into the trusted mobileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s store to make them appropriate to be used for traffic interception. CITATION Gur14 \l 1033 (Kalra)Some modern security teams such as OWASP and NETCRAFT are trying to provide security checks for mobile applications. These app security providing services companies have emerged due to the high rate of mobile application insecurity. This security check takes about four full days. CITATION net15 \l 1033 (netcraft)Web applicationsMost people recently are depending on web applications. Security is a major issue in web apps since nobody wants his information to be disclosed to unauthorized individuals. There are a lot of vulnerabilities in the web apps which include injection, cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery, security misconfiguration, broken authentication and session management only t o mention a few.These vulnerable can be assessed using penetration testing and static analysis. To perform security tests on web applications, tools and manuals are used. It is important to use the both methods since some vulnerability can only be seen manually. CITATION McG06 \l 1033 (McGraw)Most vulnerability in web application includes SQL injection which allows data breaching that are later parsed and implemented. The way out is to directly insert the malicious code into user input variables with the SQL commands. The malicious code can also be injected to strings which are providence for some stored data. When this is done, the malicious code is implemented leading to access and maybe modification of data in database by utilizing the SQL vulnerability.When data which is not trusted is sent to the web browser the application is vulnerable to cross site scripting. This allows the hacker to embed malicious scripts like Java script and executing this script on his side allows him to get data, interrupt sessions, redirection of users to another site and so on. This eventually leads to compromise of private information, exploitation and burglary of cookies and this hacker can still make requests that can be flawed for those of a valid user.There are three types of cross site scripting. Reflected XSS IS where web pages take text put forward by the user and returns the text to the user in its response. Stored XSS is where data put forward by a malicious user of a website is stored in databases which are used to create pages. Visitors of these web pages get the wrong information from the website. Local XSS make use of objectives within the webpage. CITATION LaS15 \l 1033 (LaShanda Dukes)Broken authentication and session management is the where the application does not perform its session management and authentication duties correctly. The hacker uses leak as exposed accounts and passwords in the session management and authentication to imitate the user. In this case the hacker is able to acquire the position of the website user or the administrator and can perform his duties.These vulnerabilities can be prevented eventually. Filtering information properly can prevent injections. It involves going through information thoroughly and thinking whether the input inputted can be trusted. Using oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s filtering functions is the most secure way for filtering ones input. There are many pitfalls which allows authentication of a website.To avoid these pitfalls one should understand them and how they work. Using oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s own framework also prevents broken authentication. Make sure that the websiteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s URL does not contain critical information like ID and a referrer header. The passwords used should not be predictable. They should also be well encrypted to prevent any chance of authentication. Timeout should also be well implemented to reduce the chances of session usurp by hackers.To avoid XSS one should make sure that he does not return HTML tags to the client. These HTML tags may lead to HTML injection pausing insecurity risk to any websites. HTML entities should be converted or simply sanitized such that it gives an impression of broken HTML. This discourages hackers.Insecure direct object references can also cause serious data insecurity. This means that any user has a direct exposure to a certain internal information or key. In providing such a reference, a hacker can be able to access information that is critical and may perform some activities that should be highly protected. This can be avoided by keeping the information internally and not relying CGI parameters to pass information to the client.Security should be well configured to preve...

The Study of Shell Middens in Archaeology

One type of site that some archaeologists love to investigate is the shell midden or kitchen midden. A shell midden is a heap of clam, oyster, whelk, or mussel shells, obviously, but unlike other types of sites, it is the result of a clearly recognizable single-activity event. Other kinds of sites, such as campsites, villages, farmsteads, and rock shelters, have their attractions, but a shell midden was created by and large for one purpose: dinner. Diets and Shell Middens Shell middens are found throughout the world, on coastlines, near lagoons, and tidewater flats, along major rivers, in small streams, wherever some variety of shellfish is found. Although shell middens also date from pretty much all of prehistory, many shell middens date to the Late Archaic or (in the old world) Late Mesolithic periods. The Late Archaic and European Mesolithic periods (around 4,000-10000 years ago, depending on where youre at in the world) were interesting times. People were still essentially hunter-gatherers, but by then were settling down, reducing their territories, focusing on a broader range of food and living resources. One often used way to diversify the diet was to depend on shellfish as a reasonably easy to obtain food source. Of course, as Johnny Hart once said, â€Å"the bravest man I ever saw was the first to devour an oyster, raw†. Studying Shell Middens According to Glyn Daniel in his great history 150 Years of Archaeology, shell middens were first explicitly identified as archaeological in context (i.e., built by humans, not other animals) during the mid-nineteenth century in Denmark. In 1843, the Royal Academy of Copenhagen led by archaeologist J.J. Worsaee, geologist Johann Georg Forchhammer, and zoologist Japetus Steenstrup proved that the shell heaps (called Kjoekken moedding in Danish) were, in fact, cultural deposits. Archaeologists have studied shell middens for all kinds of reasons. Studies have included Calculating how much dietary meat there is in a clam (only a few grams in comparison to the weight of the shell),Food processing methods (steamed, baked, dried),Archaeological processing methods (sampling strategies vs. counting the entire midden--which nobody in their right mind would do),Seasonality (what time of year and how often were clambakes held),Other purposes for the shell mounds (living areas, burial sites). Not all shell middens are cultural; not all cultural shell middens are solely the remnants of a clambake. One of my favorite shell midden articles is Lynn Ceci’s 1984 paper in World Archaeology. Ceci described a series of weird donut-shaped shell middens, consisting of prehistoric pottery and artifacts and shell located on hillsides in New England. She figured out that they were, in fact, evidence of early Euro-American settlers reusing prehistoric shell deposits as fertilizer for apple orchards. The hole in the middle was where the apple tree stood! Shell Middens Through Time The oldest shell middens in the world are about 140,000 years old, from the Middle Stone Age of South Africa, at sites like Blombos Cave. There are fairly recent shell middens in Australia, within the last couple hundred years anyway, and the most recent shell middens in the United States that I’m aware of date to the late 19th century and early 20th century AD when the shell button industry was in progress along the Mississippi River. You can still find heaps of freshwater mussel shells with several holes punched out of them lying along the bigger rivers of the American midwest. The industry nearly obliterated the freshwater mussel population until plastics and international trade put it out of business. Sources Ainis AF, Vellanoweth RL, Lapeà ±a QG, and Thornber CS. 2014. Using non-dietary gastropods in coastal shell middens to infer kelp and seagrass harvesting and paleoenvironmental conditions. Journal of Archaeological Science 49:343-360. Biagi P. 2013. The shell middens of Las Bela coast and the Indus delta (Arabian Sea, Pakistan). Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 24(1):9-14. Boivin N, and Fuller D. 2009. Shell Middens,. Journal of World Prehistory 22(2):113-180.and Seeds: Exploring Coastal Subsistence, Maritime Trade and the Dispersal of Domesticates in and Around the Ancient Arabian PeninsulaShips Choy K, and Richards M. 2010. Isotopic evidence for diet in the Middle Chulmun period: a case study from the Tongsamdong shell midden, Korea. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 2(1):1-10. Foster M, Mitchell D, Huckleberry G, Dettman D, and Adams K. 2012. Archaic Period Shell Middens, Sea-Level Fluctuation, and Seasonality: Archaeology along the Northern Gulf of California Littoral, Sonora, Mexico. American Antiquity 77(4):756-772. Habu J, Matsui A, Yamamoto N, and Kanno T. 2011. Shell midden archaeology in Japan: Aquatic food acquisition and long-term change in the Jomon culture. Quaternary International 239(1-2):19-27. Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay, South Africa: a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(9):2291-2302. Jerardino A, and Navarro R. 2002. Cape Rock Lobster (Jasus lalandii) Remains from South African West Coast Shell Middens: Preservational Factors and Possible Bias. Journal of Archaeological Science 29(9):993-999. Saunders R, and Russo M. 2011. Coastal shell middens in Florida: A view from the Archaic period. Quaternary International 239(1–2):38-50. Virgin K. 2011. The SB-4-6 shell midden assemblage: a shell midden analysis from a late prehistoric village site at Pamua on Makira, southeast Solomon Islands [Honors]. Sydney, Australia: University of Sydney.

Southern Tradition in A Rose for Emily - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 951 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: A Rose For Emily Essay Did you like this example? The tradition of the old south is very prevalent in the story of A Rose for Emily. It is the tradition of the people of the town that forces them to hold Emily in a very high regard because her father was a civil war hero. The town may not want to hold her above themselves but they have to because of the code of duty in the old south. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Southern Tradition in A Rose for Emily" essay for you Create order Faulkner also uses the sense of the importance of privacy to great affect as the narrator hints towards knowing that there was some suspicious activity between Homer and Emily, like the fact that Emily gave no particular reason why she needed arsenic when she went to the druggist. There is also the tradition that people did not marry below their class in the old south and this shows when we learn that Emilys father had turned away a number of suitors for her because they were not good enough. It is also shown when Emily starts to form a relationship with a carpenter from the north, the townspeople are a bit shocked because of this. Some traditions from the old south have gone away like the sense of duty towards those of better class than you but some remain like the respect for privacy or the dont ask dont tell mentality. Faulkner uses very dark overtone or mood in the short story, A Barron would be in the center of the group. Presently we began to see him and Miss Emily on Sunday a fternoons driving in the yellow-wheeled buggy and the matched team of bays from the livery stable. This shows the flirtatious or coquettish nature of how Emily felt about homer even if homer didnt feel the same. Another word that might be used to describe the book is the word impervious, which is an adjective that means unable to be affected by. Emily could be described as impervious in the story, faulkner writes, Her voice was dry and cold. I have no taxes in Jefferson. Colonel Sartoris explained it to me. Perhaps one of you can gain access to the city records and satisfy yourselves.. Emily will not be affected by the town of Jefferson and does not allow the city to tax her. Finally Perverse is a word that one could use to describe the tone of the story. Perverse is a word that means showing a deliberate and obstinate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable or unacceptable, often in spite of the consequences. in the final paragraph Faulkner writes Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair.. This sh ows that Emily was presumably performing the perverse action of sleeping with the corpse of Homer. Burduck, Michael L. Another View of Faulkners Narrator in A Rose for Emily. Literature Resource Center, Gale, 2018. Literature Resource Center, https://link.galegroup.com.ezp.mesacc.edu/apps/doc/H1420022908/LitRC?u=mcc_mesasid=Lit RCxid=4b26c162. Accessed 29 Sept. 2018. Originally published in The University of Mississippi Studies in English, vol. 8, 1990, pp. 209-211. Burduck writes in his article about the possibility that the narrator of the story is a woman instead of a man which is usually presumed. He writes about how reading the story knowing the narrator is a woman gives an interesting perspective of the story. He writes about how the men in the town do not care as much as the women do about emily and her story and so the narrator is trying to make sure that the story is not forgotten. Thomas Klein . The Ghostly Voice of Gossip in Faulkners A ROSE FOR EMILY. The Explicator, Volume 65, Number 4 (July 2007), pp. 229-232, Klein writes in his article about the narrator and the choice to avoid identifying his or her own gender. He writes that the use of the plural we or how the narrators use of The men or The women in telling the story of Emily hides the true nature of the narrators gender. Klein also writes about how the narrator avoids showing favoritism to either the women or men of the town as well as avoiding favoritism to the generations of the town as in the younger generation that tries to force emily to pay her taxes and the older generation that gave her exemption. Nick Melczarek . Narrative Motivation in Faulkners A ROSE FOR EMILY. The Explicator, Volume 67, Number 4 (September 2009), pp. 237-243, Melczarek writes about a perspective of looking at how faulkner uses the narrator not necessarily for psychological effect that is in theme with the perverse and horror nature o f the stary. Melczarek writes about the potential of the narrator to symbolize the way of thinking in the south and how the narrator may have known about the murder of homer and was complicit in that knowledge. Moore, Gene M. Of the Time and Its Mathematical Progression.. Studies in Short Fiction, vol. 29, no. 2, Spring 1992, p. 195. EBSCOhost, login.ezp.mesacc.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=aphA N=9705052047site=ehost-live. Moore writes about the chronology of faulkners A Rose for Emily. He begins by writing and summarizing the opinions of others that have read and written about the chronology of the short story. The examples of writing that moore quotes talk about how Faulkner destroys chronological time in his story Moore then goes to write about how the dates given in the short story are important to the chronology of the story and is important to understanding the story.

Significance of Godbole in Passage to India - 1463 Words

In E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India, the reader experiences multiple layers within the novel beginning with the structure, the focus on relationships, and the characters. The author makes a concerted effort throughout the novel to build a bridge between Western and Eastern societies by using the characters to demonstrate the deep differences in the cultures. For the reader, unfamiliarity with Indian culture may pose some issues in interpreting and understanding behaviors and roles within the text. One character in particular, Professor Godbole, enhances the mystery of the contrasting societies because he seems to not notice the feelings of other people. That is in contrast to his high position in the Indian caste system. As a Hindu†¦show more content†¦This layer of the novel is preparing the reader to see the trial from a religious aspect. The Sparknotes editors point out that â€Å"the reader is left to imagine that if Fielding and Godbole had been able to accompany Aziz and the women as they had planned, the terrible and confusing incidents that befall the members of the party at the Marabar Caves might never have occurred.† Culture and religion continually make Godbole a major focus of the novel. According to The Review of English Studies, Godbole as a character is possibly named for an actual person the author met on his travels to India. The translation of the name Godbole is associated with music and actually means â€Å"sweet-tongued†. Godbole the character has a unique view of situations and speaks in such a way that he represents both sides of any situation as his belief that fate determines the outcome of all situations. Godbole’s philosophy of: â€Å"Good and evil are different, as their names imply. But, in my own humble opinion, they are both aspects of my Lord. He is present in the one, absent in the other, and the difference between presence and absence is great, as great as my feeble mind ca n grasp. Yet absence implies presence, absence is not non-existence, and we are there for entitled to repeat, ‘Come, come, come, come.† Although this sounds confusing and on the surface doesn’t seem to make sense, Godbole points out there is another way to look atShow MoreRelated The Important Role of the Marabar Caves in A Passage to India2630 Words   |  11 PagesThe Important Role of the Marabar Caves in A Passage to India      Ã‚  Ã‚   During the fourteen years that followed the publication of Howards End, Edward Morgan Forster underwent a harsh mood change that culminated in the publication of A Passage to India, Forsters bitterest book (Shusterman 159).   Forster was not alone in his transition to a harsher tone in his fiction.   A Passage to India was written in the era that followed the First World War.   George Thomson writes

Film Review The Movie 300 Directed By Zack Syndar

The movie 300 directed by Zack Syndar starring Gerrald Butler as King Leonidas and Lena Headey as Queen Gorgo in an inspirational film around a historic story shown in excellent cinematography. While in many ways it is different in the movie to real life, it is still a historic fiction because it has added to the events to create a cohesive story. Within the first opening scenes, the brutality of the film begins. The feelings that rushed through my mind were that of pain and awe. The ways that the stories of Spartans last days are portrayed are incredible as if you were a ghost from the future reliving the pain that these courageous soldiers went through. Syndar’s goal was clearly to bring the suffering of the 300 men home to the viewer†¦show more content†¦the boy was taken from his mother and plunged into a world of violence. Manufactured by 300 years of Spartan warrior society†¦ ... to create the finest soldiers the world has ever known. The agoge, as it s called forces the boy to fight. Starves them, forces them to steal†¦ ... and if necessary, to kill. Men who were weak weren t accepted into the spartan army. The point of making it through all of the sufferings was because when it came to war only the fittest would survive. In every battle, the most physically fit would see the battle on both sides of the war. Even if that person that was larger completed all the tasks that the fittest did. The reason behind this is that the larger people can t work in the field of battle to the strategy that the either side fits. The 300 Spartans fought as a unit protecting the man on either side of you was your inspirations to be successful. Keeping that person alive was the backbone of the spartan army. Without having soldiers fit enough to take care of each other it would definitely lead to a different outcome in a battle or war. However, there is one man that stands as an outcast because of his physical aspects. Ephialtes, a deformed Spartan whose parents fled Sparta to spare him certain infanticide. Ephialtes asks to redeem his father s name by joining Leonidas army, warning him of a secret goat path the Persians could use to outflank and surround the Spartans. Though sympathetic, Leonidas rejects him since his deformity

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the Uni Essay Example For Students

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked the Uni Essay ted States Naval facility at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. 19 ships were sunk, 2,335 servicemen lost their lives, and, afterwards, the United States declared war on Japan, and her allies Germany and Italy. However, another great loss occurred on United States soilthe imprisonment of 120,000 people, 2/3 of whom were United States citizens. The Japanese Internment, the name of this mistake, was illegal, unconstitutional, and an act of nothing more than severe prejudice and paranoia.Shiros parents, Hachizo and Tsuru Nomora, were Issei, people of Japan who immigrated to America to better their lives. The Namoras couldnt become US citizens because the Naturalization Act of 1790 didnt include Asians. The children of the Issei were called Neisi, who were automatically US citizens because they were born here. In 1905, they moved to Berkeley, CA. Hachizo grew fruits and vegetables on a leased farm. He would sell his crop to local stores for low prices. The Japanese were talented at farming and whites complained about how hard it was to compete. The San Francisco Chronicle headlined Brown Artisans steal Brains of Whites, The Yellow Peril-How the Japanese crowd out the White Race. In October 1906, the San Francisco board of education segregated 93 Japanese kids in Chinatown.The Alien Land Law of 1923 was passed, banning all purchase of land by Issei, and allowed them to rent for only 3 years.The Immigration Act of 1924 ended all immigration of !Japanese. By now the Nomoras established a successful farm, and a family. Tsuru gave berth to Shuigeru and Sadae. In 1923, Berkeley had a large fire and the Nomoras decided to move to Keystone, a suburb of Los Angeles. Around this time, Shiro was born. At Banning High School, Shiro (who shortened his name to Shi) played baseball, football, and track. Shi recalls, I was a girl chaser, all I thought about was girls and sports. In 1940, he met Emiko (who adopted the name Amy) Hattori. Shi wanted to propose to her at the end of the school year, but was hit in the head by a shot-put and spent 6 months in a hospital. In August of 1941, Shi and Amy went to the annual Neisi Festival. At the festival, a singer on stage caught Shis eyes. Four months later Pearl Harbor was bombed. Shis hopes of meeting the singer, marrying Amy, or finishing high school were put on hold. December 6, 1941, Shi was driving Amy home when he was hit from behind. After multiple victories in the pacific, military officials were worried that if the Japanese reached the West Coast, Issei and Neisi would aid them. Lt. General DeWitt was very influential in the Japanese-evacuation movement. According to the Roberts report, HawaiianJapanese farmers were making arrows on their land pointing to Pearl Harbor. In Seattle, there were rumors of a flaming arrow (workers burning brush) pointing towards the city. Japanese farmers in California used paper to protect crops from frost. There were rumors of white cloth covering crops pointing to a nearby airplane plant. Students studied German at the University of California to meet the Foreign Language requirement. They must have been spies. In January of 1942 the FBI and the FCC found no evidence of sabotage. However DeWitt and a variety of newspapers stated that if no evidence was found, that proved the Japanese real!ly were saboteurs. Time and Look Magazines published articles on how to tell Japs from your friends. In LA times it read A viper is a viper wherever the egg is hatched The Nisei became desperate and tried to shed as much of their heritage as possible. Ceramics that were family heirlooms were dumped in the streets. Priceless diaries, photos, letters, and other written treasures that happened to be written in Japanese were burned. Mary Kageyana remembers burning her mothers sheet music, We had to do it because they would not know what it said. They might have thought it was code or something. By February 9, DeWitt banned Japanese from 133 strategic areas in California. By mid February, the California coast had been dubbed Restricted Area Number 1. DeWitt suggested Japanese voluntarily move inland. 4,000 did, and weeks later DeWitt prohibited Japanese from leaving the West Coast. On February 13, 1942, DeWitt recommended the evacuation of all Japanese form t!he West Coast. A Jap is a Jap, said DeWitt. It makes no difference if hes an American. With no knowledge of Japanese-Americans living in America, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt bought into the claims made by the military, media, and California Congressmen, and signed Executive Order 9066, granting military authority over the evacuation of any person deemed an enemy of the United States. On March 2, DeWitt announced the evacuation of all Japanese-Americans, regardless of citizenship.Amid the growing hate and violence, Shis real white friends remained at his side. The Japanese were refused admittance to theaters, skate rinks, and public parks. Some were fired from jobs they had been working at for 30 years. With little time before they had to evacuate, the Japanese community was in panic. Japanese-owned stores sold their produce at very low prices and whites rushed to Japanese neighborhoods for good buys. Shi recalls, They swarmed like locusts through Japanese areas, cheating, stealing, and threatening to buy belongings for almost nothing. New washers went for $5. A 26-room hotel was sold for $500, the Ruth Hotel worth $6000 was sold for $600. Shi and his family moved to his Aunts house in Los Angeles. Wffrfrg Essay Shi was granted clearance on May 14, 1943. Now what was I going to do? he wondered. I had been drafted, but my medical records from the shot-put accident made me ineligible to serve. When I notified Amy of my clearance, she immediately requested permission for my admission to AmacheI felt it would never work out. But seeing other people leaving Manzanar to be reunited with their loved ones made me realize that my first duty was to Amy. Shi left for Colorado in June 1943 with a diamond engagement ring paid for by his savings and a lone by his father. Shi entered the Amache camp, and the guards failed to find the ring he carried through in his mouth. Shi said, I told her I loved her and I proposed marriage, but she said she was having too much fun playing the field and she said no. With tears in my eyes, I threw the ring in the desert and said goodbye. Shi reenlisted in the furlough program and worked at an icehouse. In August 1943, Shi returned to Manzanar and worked as a sportswriter on the Manzanar Free Press, and worked with Dr. Robert Emerson, who was experimenting with new ways of making rubber. Shis final months in the camp were spent playing sports. Then one day strolling with his friends, he heard a beautiful voice that belonged to the person he heard at the Nisei Festival two years ago. It belonged to Mary Kageyama. They fell in love and in February of 1945, Shi proposed marriage and Mary !accepted. By 1944 there was no longer a military necessity for internment. On December 17, 1944, President Roosevelt rescinded DeWitts mass exclusion order. In January of 1945, the War Relocation Authority announced that the camps would be closed by the end of the year. The internment was over. Without a thank you or apology, or compensation for the losses, the internees had to once again face a hostile country.Anti-Japanese organizations sprouted like No Japs Inc. in San Diego. One of the saddest accounts of postwar treatment was from Senator Daniel Inouye. He was a captain in the army, and had recently been released from a hospital recovering from war wounds. He decided to get a haircut. Are you Chinese? the man said to me. I looked past him at the three empty chairs. The other two barbers watching us closely. Im an American, I said. Are you Chinese? I think you know where my father was born. My father was born in Japan. Im an American. Deep in my gut I knew!what was coming. Dont give me that American stuff he said swiftly. Youre a Jap and we dont cut Jap hair. I wanted to hit him There I stood, in full uniform, the new captains bars on my shoulder, four rows of ribbons on my chest, the combat infantry badge, the distinguished unit citations-and a hook where my hand should be. And he didnt cut Jap hair. To think that I had gone through the war to save his skin-and he didnt cut Jap hair. A post war survey showed 80% of the privately stored goods by the Japanese were rifled, stolen, or sold. One survey placed the amount losses and damage from 1942-45 by the Japanese-Americans at $6.2 billion in current dollars. In 1980 Congress started a committee to investigate Executive Order 9066, and the committee found no moral or legal basis for the internment. In 1987 the Supreme Court declared the internment unconstitutional. In 1947 Amy married Tatsumi Mizutani. She became a bilingual teacher for the Cypress school district. She and Tat have 5 kids and 5 grandchildren. Shi married Mary in June of 1945. Shi successfully ran his own fish market and grocery store until 1986, when he retired. Shi and Mary have 5 kids and 11 grandchildren. In 1954, Hachizo became a naturalized citizen. In October 1990, Shi received $20,000 and a letter of apology from President Bush stating: A monetary sum and words alone cannot restore the lost years or erase the painful memories; neither can they fully convey our Nations resolve to rectify injustice and to uphold the rights of individuals. We can never fully right the wrongs of the past. But we can take a clear stand for justice and recognize that serious injustices were done to Japanese Americans during World War II. The Japanese Internment, the name of this mistake, was illegal, unconstitutional, and an act of nothing more than severe prejudice and paranoia. Among the many rights that were broken include: the right to a trial, the right to have the assistance of legal council, and the right to an impartial jury. The constitution also states that no state shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States. In other words the internees were arrested and imprisoned without due process. From his retirement home in Garden Grove, CA, Shi said, One of the greatest things about America is that it admits its mistakesthis is what America is all about; tolerating different cultures, accepting people who look different. America is a nation of immigrants from all over the world, and they have made America the greatest nation in the world. When anyone sees a person of Japanese ancestry living in the United States they should think American and only afterward Japan!ese. That is the American way.

Deforestation Persuasive Essay free essay sample

According to CBBC Newsround, it is estimated that seven and a half million acres of rainforests are being cut down each year. If everyone started planting trees, we could end deforestation. There are many causes of it, impacts, and alternatives to deforestation. First of all, there are a lot of causes of deforestation. According to the World Wildlife Fund, illegal logging plays a key role in it. When illegal logging happens it depresses the price of timber worldwide, which disadvantages companies that abide by the law. When farmers need more land for cattle ranching or soya fields, they usually just chop down more trees to get more acres for fields or pastures. Another cause of deforestation is hydroelectric dams. According to How Stuff Works, the workers building these dams flood acres of land, which causes decomposition and release of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, deforestation impacts the Earth in a lot of ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Deforestation Persuasive Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It causes soil erosion; it reduces biodiversity, and global warming. According to World Wildlife Fund, agricultural plants that often replace the trees cannot hold onto the soil, and as fertile soil washes away, the farmers move on and clear more land. The soil becomes less fertile, and the unprotected area gets dried up and becomes compacted. When people destroy forests, it disrupts animals and people’s lives causing them to find new homes. Deforestation can also cause global warming. When people cut down trees, more carbon dioxide is in the air; more carbon dioxide increases greenhouse gases, and leads to global warming. However, there are also many alternatives to cutting down millions and billions of trees each year. Businesses can ban the sales of valuable wood. People can use non-timber products, such as rubber or Brazilian nuts. Farmers can use a mixture of different crops and trees. According to CBBC Newsround, the variety helps prevent insect damage and soil erosion; it helps maintain soil fertility. Lastly, there are many causes of deforestation, impacts, and a lot of alternatives to it. Look at where the products come from before buying timber or other products. If everyone started using non-timber products we could stop deforestation.

Marcus Brutus, a Tragic Figure free essay sample

Like other tragic heroes, he had great promise, ability, and integrity of character, but he had a tragic flaw. He was too trusting and naive, and these qualities led to his death. Brutus was good in heart and mind, but easily manipulated which ends up being the flaw that gets him into a tragic situation. Brutus’ reversal of fortune occurs when he allows the conspirators to manipulate him into believing that he needed to assassinate Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar, a good friend of Brutus, had not shown many signs of being a tyrant, yet the conspirators persuaded and manipulated Brutus into believing that he was. This was the noblest Roman of them all: All the conspirators save only he in that they did in envy of great Caesar; He only, in a general honest thought and common good to all, made one of them,†(V,iiiii, 73-77). This quote indicates that Brutus was a noble and honest man, who wanted only what was in the interest of the general good. We will write a custom essay sample on Marcus Brutus, a Tragic Figure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout Brutus’ actions as a conspirator he thought that he was doing what was best for the Roman people, even when killing the soon to be ruler and good friend Julius Caesar. It was Brutus’ tragic flaw of being too trusting that leads to his inevitable, tragic death. When Brutus’ wife, Portia, takes her own life it is a tragic moment in Brutus’ life. This is one example when Brutus has a reversal in fortune. Brutus explains to Cassius what happened to Portia after their quarrel. â€Å"No man bears sorrow better. Portia is dead,†(IV,iii,151). This evidence shows just how tragic Portia’s death is for Brutus. With the Roman population turned against Brutus and the conspirators, along with this tragic loss for Brutus, this marks the beginning of the reversal of fortune for Brutus. Brutus shows his true remorse for killing Caesar in many occasions. When Caesar’s ghost visits Brutus, Brutus wants to question him and apologize for what had happened. Another example is when Brutus takes his own life at the end of act five. Farewell Strato. Caesar now be still. I killed not thee with half so good a will,†(V,iiiii,56-57). Brutus felt unbearable remorse for Caesars death, and his final words told that. Brutus had to take his own life because nobody wanted to have to such a noble and honest man as Brutus. When Brutus asks Clitus to kill him, Clitus replies, â€Å"What, I, my lord? No, not for all the world†¦I’ll rather kill myself,†(V, iiiii, 6-8). The reasoning for Clitus not killing Brutus is because he could not live with himself if he killed the noblest roman that had ever lived. This shows how noble and honest Brutus was, that he could not get someone to kill him, he had to do it himself. In conclusion, Brutus, the noblest roman wanted what was best for the roman people. His tragic flaw was he was too trusting. He felt he needed to kill Caesar for he thought he was a tyrant. His trust in Mark Antony led to his downfall. Brutus indeed ended up in a position, from his flaw in being idealistic and naive.

Friends as They Are In Search for a Soul Mate

Friends as They Are In Search for a Soul Mate People cannot be socially isolated for long. No matter how independent one might be, there will always be the necessity for communication. Hence, the need to search for friend arises. Although types of friends are extremely numerous and can be split into categories based on countless number of principles, the best way to categorize types of friends is to consider how close they are to each other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Friends as They Are: In Search for a Soul Mate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The so-called bosom friends are the most well known type of friends; however, weirdly enough, very few people can actually name the ones that fall under the given category. A bosom friend is the kind of a person that knows every single detail of his pal’s life and always keeps in touch with the latter. The necessity to maintain constant communication is, perhaps, the basic obstacle on people’s way to become bosom buddies. Indeed, what seemed possible in the childhood, when most of the problems were solved by adults, and children had as much time for communication as possible, becomes hardly attainable in adult life, when a person barely manages to split his/her time between his/her family and work. The second type of friendship presupposes much more prosaic relationships. The friends talk to each other on a regular basis because they go to the same school or college or work in the same office. However, as soon as one of them resigns or moves to another city, the communication ends, since both are too lazy to call or send an e-mail to each other. Finally, there is the third type of friends. These friends share their moral principles, poke fun at the same things and find it enticing to talk to each other. Such friends may be separated for quite long and resume their friendship afterwards disregarding the time that they spent apart from each other. Speaking of which type of friends is the best, one must mention that the choice of a friend depends greatly on one’s personality and character traits. For some people, it is crucial to have a devoted friend by their side seven days a week, which means that they should go with the first category of friends. For some people, it is crucial that they could have enough time to arrange their private life and career, which means that they clearly need the second type of a friend. Finally, some might enjoy being alone and, thus, need the third kind of a friend, that is, the one whom they will not depend much on.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Personally, I prefer the third type of friends, since I tend to be moody and often need time to be alone. While such type of relationships does not presuppose being close to each other, it not necessarily means that it cannot be defined as friendship. Quite on th e contrary, this is the kind of friendship that grown up people need; with friends like the one described above, one will be able to build trustworthy and long lasting relationships with. This is the kind of friendship that does not need proofs for its own existence; instead, such friends feel the bond between them nearly intuitively and, thus, become closely related to each other due to the trust that they have in each other. However, I must admit that the given type of relationships requires that the two friends should put considerable effort in their communication at the very start of their friendship. Therefore, I assume that the third kind of a friend is the hardest one to find and yet the best that a man can have.

Our town paper review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Our town paper review - Essay Example The play has been divided in to three acts and each has been separated with different titles entertaining the audience with three different experiences. The first Act entitled, ‘Daily Life’ introduces the audience to Grover’s Corners, a small town in New Hampshire in the year 1901. Here the playwright brings the audience’s attention to the Gidds and Webb family. The second act throws light to the wedding day of George and Emily. Then the playwright, in a flash back mood presents the past life of Emily and Geroge, specifically on their deep attachment each other. The final act renders the futility of human life through the removal of scenes to the grave of Emily and her desire to live some more hours on earth after death. The style of the presentation of the play makes one infer that it can certainly be regarded as a touching play. Analyzing the play, one can see various elements like acting, directing, scenery, costumes, lighting and text, exert notable rol e in enhancing the performance level of the play. Regarding the performance of the play, it is worth noticing that the performers were up to the mark that is, they exactly performed the roles the director assigned them. The presentation of the character of the Stage Manager can be cited as the best example where the Manger guides the story, intervening in the plot, and in different scenes and actions to enhance the aesthetic appreciation of the play. To a certain extent, one can infer that the Stage Manager in the play guides the plot and actions. Furthermore, the presentation of the milkman and the newspaper boy help to comprehend the daily life of the American people. The more emotional scenes in Our Town - notably the Act II wedding - suffer from the lack of a warm Stage Manager. The part as well as the absence of the Stage Manager is noteworthy when Frank Rich rightly evaluates; â€Å"The more emotional scenes in Our Town - notably the Act II wedding - suffer from the lack of a warm Stage Manager†

Characteristcs of Small Businesses Visa-a-Vis Well Resourcesd Large Essay

Characteristcs of Small Businesses Visa-a-Vis Well Resourcesd Large Companies - Essay Example Small businesses lack well documented business plans, vision and mission statements which hinders the strategic planning process. Small businesses do not understand the unique needs of the customers hence offer standardized products and services to the target market. Small businesses can achieve sustained growth through merging with other businesses which is critical in resource sharing. Small businesses should implement internet technologies in order to overcome their location barrier as well as increase their turnover. The small businesses should also maintain financial statements which are critical in accessing debt financing. Characteristics of small businesses visa-a-vis well resourced large companies Introduction The definition of small business has been controversial if not difficult. Some definitions which have been advanced consider the profitability of the business, the value of assets, the annual turnover, the number of employees and the branch network (Pride, Hughes & Kap oor 2010, pp. 24). Small businesses can be analyzed from their distinctive managerial, marketing, organizational and developmental characteristics. Small businesses have certain characteristics which distinguish them from well resourced large businesses. Numerous scholars have used different methods in determining the size of the business. However, most small businesses have less than ten employees and are either family business. Unlike well resourced large businesses, the small businesses have limited options in raising expansion capital since they are sole-proprietorships, partnerships or limited liability companies (Storey, 2002, pp. 6). Small businesses are managed by the owners unlike well resourced large businesses which are capable of employing professional and expert employees and managers. Unlike the well resourced large firms whose shares are able to be traded in the stock markets, the small businesses are closely held hence lack of inference in the management of the busin ess (Little, 2005, pp. 42). Small businesses lack professional board of directors hence most of the strategic decisions regarding the objectives and goals of the business are taken by the owners who are still the managers of the business. Small businesses do not enjoy expansive branch network and distribution channels hence most of them have limited chances of market share growth. Well resourced large firms are able to enter in to strategic partnerships and alliances with other firms hence they can easily penetrate in to new markets unlike the small businesses (Little 2005) Distinctive managerial characteristics Small businesses management is different from the management of well resourced large businesses. Most of the small businesses are family businesses which are managed by the owners. Small businesses may not have enough funds to employ qualified management hence the owners of the businesses make all the strategic objective decisions regarding the source of funds and the expans ion programs (Little 2005). Well resourced large businesses are able to list in the stock exchange markets and secure financing by offering shares to the public unlike the small businesses. Well resourced large businesses can afford to hire expert management hence can compete effectively in the business environment. Small businesses employ few employees who may not be qualified in the services which they offer to the business (Lavoie, et al.,

Augustus foreign policy Essay Example for Free

Augustus foreign policy Essay After the battle of Actium at 31 BC Augustus had the full control over the legions of Rome and there was no one left to oppose him. However, his long absence from Rome made his position subtle and he needed to maintain high public profile within the city in order to restore the republic and strengthen his regime. Thus, in the years between 31 BC and 23 BC the possibility of foreign campaign seemed unreasonable and unnecessary. With the second settlement of 23 BC Augustus was granted maius proconsulare, which literary made him supreme commander of all legions and unlike before the senate and people of Rome forced him in this position. Indeed, the military status of Augustus at 23 BC is the same he had at 31 BC, but the important difference was in the image it created. Now, Caesars heir was more than everything a supervisor of the order and protector of the republic. Having such responsibility he decided to strengthen the existing borders of the Empire before expanding them. Evidence for this is Augustus saying in Res Gestae that he stationed more than 300,000 soldiers in the provinces as a way to protect the Empire against dangers. It is interesting that Augustus reduces the size of the army from almost 50 legions to 28 (Res Gestae 3). This is a clear indication that he did not consider the possibility of a great campaign in the east or north to expand the Empire. This actually is in accordance with his image of Pax Augusta. After the battle of Actium, Caesars heir came to power with the promise of prolonged peace. He even restored one of the forgotten republican traditions the closing of the Gates of Janus Quirinus when Rome was not at war (Res Gestae 13). It is also possible that Augustus felt temptation for a prolonged foreign campaign but he never found the right time to start one. As a mentioned earlier, after 31 BC the Princeps received the responsibility to restore the republic and after 23 BC he had to reorganise the provinces and create a system of defence. The years after 23 BC were marked by private and public calamities: the death of Marcellus and Agrippa was followed by the death of Gaius and Lucius and then a disastrous marriage between Julia and Tiberius. At the same time a serious revolt occurred in Pannonia in AD Â  and in Germany three legions under the command of Varus were wiped out in AD 9(Suetonius 23. And given all this it is not quite true that Augustus felt no temptation for foreign war. Indeed, he commanded the armies directly only in two foreign wars (compared to five civil wars) according to Suetonius 20, but many other wars were led by Romes generals under his auspices (listed in Suetonius 21). Drussus and Tiberius fought the Germans off the the river Elba which had to become the new northern border but this aim vanished after the massacre of Varus legions. Parthia, the big Roman enemy, was still very weak in 20s BC but Augustus never started a war with them. However, he threatened to begin one in order to get back the Roman standards lost by Crassus in 53 BC. Truly, fighting Parthia was expensive and dangerous but leaving the peace to the caprice of the Eastern king was unreasonable. Here Augustus came with the brilliant idea of creating buffer states which would defend the borders of the Empire. The most important of these was Armenia and Augustus often intervened there to strengthen the government as proven by Res Gestae 27. In conclusion, it is difficult whether Augustus did not feel temptation for foreign war or did not have the opportunity to start one. The Empire was so big that there were few territories worth fighting for and with the creation of buffer states there were even fewer. Augustus major responsibility was to build firm and lasting foundations for the commonwealth (Suetonius 28) and that is what he did. But war-lover or not, the Empire under Augustus was bigger than even before and for first time definite border were defined.